The first written mention of Bratrušov dates back to 1371 and is the will of the Moravian margrave John Henry (brother of Charles IV), who bequeathed to his son Prokop several villages, including Bratrušov.
Both the Czech name and the German name Brattersdorf are derived from the Czech personal name Bratruš and it means “Bratruš's Village”. This interpretation shows that the village was probably founded by the Slavs probably before the great colonization, carried out in the Czech lands by German settlers, especially during the 13th and 14th centuries. Bratrušov is its elongated shape along the road, the division of land into fields that stretched behind the dwellings, but a typical German colonization village.
In 1603 a late Renaissance All Saints Church was built to serve non-Catholic worship, but in 1784 a Catholic vicarage was established. At that time, school lessons probably began in private homes and around 1800 a school building was built. By 1834 the village had grown and there were 140 descriptive numbers and 809 inhabitants. Bratrušov was a submontane agricultural village, the only production facility at that time was a water mill, and its inhabitants often found employment in industrial plants near Šumperk. The population of Bratrušov was constant from the mid-19th century to the Second World War and culminated in 1900, when 1016 inhabitants lived in 149 houses, all of whom, with two exceptions, all claimed German nationality. The Czech minority gradually formed here after 1918 and in 1930 88 of the 980 inhabitants were Czechs. It is therefore no wonder that Henlein's Sudeten German Party won both the 1935 elections and Bratrušov. Between 1945 and 1948 the German population was expelled and the village was newly settled. In 1960, the settlement Osikov was connected to Bratrušov, but both villages were connected to Šumperk between 1980 and 1990. The change occurred only in 1990 when Bratrušov became an independent municipality again.